Type of Radiation
External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): A machine outside your body directs radiation beams at the lung tumor. It’s similar to getting an X-ray, but it’s more focused and much stronger to target cancer cells effectively.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT): SBRT is a highly precise form of radiation therapy that delivers a few high-dose treatments to the lung. This type of therapy is usually done in 3 to 5 sessions and is often used for small lung tumors and/or tumors that have not spread.
The Treatment Process
Radiation therapy for lung cancer is a step-by-step journey. Your care team will be with you every step of the way to ensure you feel informed and supported throughout the process.
Step 1: Consultation
Your journey begins with a consultation. During this visit, you will meet with your radiation oncologist, who will discuss your diagnosis, explain how radiation therapy can help, and answer any questions. This is the best time to address any concerns you have about the treatment or side effects.
Step 2: Planning and Simulation
Once you decide to proceed, the next step is a planning session called a simulation. During this session, you’ll lie on a table while the medical team uses imaging scans like CT or PET scans to determine the exact location of your tumor. These scans help create a precise plan for treatment. You might receive small marks (tattoos or stickers) on your skin to guide the radiation during treatment.
Step 3: Treatment Begins
Treatment typically starts soon after planning. You’ll likely receive treatments 5 days a week for several weeks. SBRT may require fewer treatments, but each session will deliver a higher dose. During each session, you will lie on a treatment table while a machine moves around you to deliver the radiation. The treatment itself is painless and takes about 15 to 30 minutes. The care team will be close by, and you can communicate with them during the session.
Step 4: Monitoring and Follow-Up
Throughout the treatment process, your doctors and nurses will monitor you closely to ensure everything is going smoothly. After completing your radiation therapy, you will have follow-up appointments to track your progress and check for any potential side effects or concerns. Your care team will be there to support you during your recovery.
Acute Side Effects
Acute side effects occur during treatment and may last for several weeks after radiation ends. Most of these side effects gradually improve over time.
Tiredness (Fatigue): Fatigue is common and can continue for several weeks after radiation ends. Make sure to rest as needed and conserve your energy.
Skin Changes: The skin in the treatment area may become red or irritated, similar to a sunburn. These changes usually appear a few weeks after starting treatment and may take some time to heal.
Difficulty Swallowing (Esophagitis): You may experience difficulty swallowing or a sore throat if the radiation affects the esophagus. Eating softer foods and drinking plenty of liquids can help ease this symptom.
Cough or Shortness of Breath: Radiation may cause inflammation in the lungs, leading to a dry cough or shortness of breath. These symptoms are usually temporary but should be reported to your doctor.
Late Side Effects
Late side effects may not appear until months or even years after treatment ends. Your doctor will discuss these risks with you before starting therapy.
Radiation Pneumonitis: This is inflammation of the lungs that can occur months after treatment. Symptoms include cough, fever, and shortness of breath. It’s important to report these symptoms to your doctor, as medication can help manage them.
Lung Fibrosis: In some cases, the treated area of the lung can develop scarring (fibrosis). This can lead to reduced lung function over time.
Heart Problems: If radiation is near the heart, it can potentially lead to long-term heart issues. Your doctor will carefully plan your treatment to minimize this risk.
Secondary Malignancy: There is a very small risk of developing a new cancer due to radiation exposure. This risk is rare, but your doctor will discuss it with you as part of the planning process.
Self Care During Radiation
Manage Fatigue: Rest when you need to and try gentle activities like walking to maintain your energy. Fatigue can last a while, so pacing yourself is important.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially if you have difficulty swallowing or experience dryness. Water, herbal teas, and broths are good options.
Skin Care: Keep the skin in the treatment area clean and moisturized. Avoid tight clothing that could rub against irritated skin.
Eat Soft Foods: If you have difficulty swallowing, choose softer foods that are easy to eat. Avoid spicy or acidic foods that might irritate your throat.
Report Symptoms: Always let your care team know if you are experiencing new or worsening symptoms, such as cough or shortness of breath. They can provide treatments to help manage these side effects.